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The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) has a unique rank structure. Because the IDF is an integrated force, ranks are the same in all services (there is no differentiation between army, navy, air force, etc.) The ranks are derived from those of the paramilitary ''Haganah'' developed in the Mandate period to protect the ''Yishuv''. This origin is reflected in the slightly compacted rank structure; for instance, the Chief of Staff (''rosh ha'mate ha'klali'', or ''ramatkal'') is seemingly only equivalent to a lieutenant general in other militaries. ==Current ranks== Officers (''ktzinim''): Volunteers who have completed the officer's course. Officers serve for at least 48 months (4 years); pilots have to serve for 9 years. Promotions are based on ability and time served. It takes about a year to be promoted from 2nd lieutenant to 1st lieutenant and three years to be promoted from 1st lieutenant to captain. Army officers have bronze-metal insignia (replaced with subdued black-metal insignia in 2002), air force officers have silver metal insignia, and navy officers have gold-metal insignia or gold braid bars. Officers without a university education can be promoted to a maximum of ''Rav Seren'' (Major), although the IDF often sponsors the studies for their majors. Academic officers (''ktzinim akademaim''): Special rank given to soldiers who are delaying completing officers' training so they can complete a professional education (usually in engineering, medicine, or law). A ''kama'' is equivalent to a 2nd lieutenant, and a ''ka'ab'' is equivalent to a 1st lieutenant, but are treated as if they were breveted to the next higher rank. Officers of these ranks are considered professional manpower and rarely take posts of command. Upon finally completing officers' training, an academic officer is immediately awarded the corresponding next "real" rank due to their experience in grade. Their insignia bars are embossed with scrolls (''megilot'') rather than laurel branches (''aronot''). Non-commissioned officers (''nagadim''): The professional non-commissioned and warrant ranks, drawn from volunteers who signed on for military service after completing conscription. They usually are assigned to head-up the headquarters staff of a unit. ''Nagad'' is a variant of the biblical word ''nagid'', which means ruler or leader. ''Samal'' is a Hebrew abbreviation for ''segen mi-khutz la-minyan'', which translates as “supernumerary deputy”; it is a Field NCO rank equivalent to a British or Commonwealth "Sergeant". ''Rav samal'' translates as "chief sergeant"; it is a career NCO rank equivalent to a British or Commonwealth "Staff Sergeant" or "Sergeant Major" / "Warrant Officer". ''Rav nagad'' is equivalent to the American rank of "Chief Warrant Officer". Enlisted (''hogrim''): The conscript and field NCO ranks. All Jewish or Druze conscripts must start their compulsory service at 18 (unless they receive a deferment); Christians, Muslims, and Circassians may volunteer at 17 or older. Enlisted male conscripts serve for 36 months (3 years) and female conscripts serve for 24 months (2 years). In the IDF enlisted ranks are earned by means of time in service (''pazam''), rather than by a particular post or assignment. After 4 to 12 months the conscript is promoted to ''rav turai'', after 18 to 24 months promoted to ''samal'', and after 24 to 32 months is promoted to ''samal rishon''. (This means that female conscripts can reach no higher than ''samal'' during their compulsory service). Field NCOs (''samal'' and ''samal rishon'') who command sub-units (fire team or squad, respectively) are called ''mashak''. This is an abbreviation that translates into English literally as "non-commissioned officer". It is a term of respect like the French Army's ''chef'' ("chief"). Recruits (''tironim''): Upon enlistment to military service in Israel, all soldiers begin a basic training course and undergo several days or weeks of 'integration' from citizens to soldiers. This course is called ''tironut'' ("recruit training") and the soldier being trained on this course is called a ''tiron'' (or "recruit"). This is often erroneously interpreted as a rank, similar to the US Army's private (E-1); ''tironim'' are ranked as ''turai'' (private), the same rank and paygrade as newly trained conscripts. ''Tironim'' wear cloth sliders with a horizontal blue stripe on their fatigue-uniform epaulettes and wear a diamond-shaped "general service" beret badge to indicate their status; this is exchanged for a corps beret with corps badge and unit insignia upon graduation.〔Laffin, John. ''The Israeli Army in The Middle East Wars (1948-1973)'' (Men At Arms Series #127). Osprey Press: London (1982). Plate G5 and page 38〕 Both officers and enlisted personnel have an obligation to serve in the Reserves after completing their active military service. Male personnel serve until 41-51 years old while female personnel serve until 24 years old. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Israel Defense Forces ranks」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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